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Biography of rana pratap

Maharana Pratap

Rajput ruler of Mewar stay away from 1572–1597

For other people named Pratap Singh, see Pratap Singh (disambiguation).

Pratap Singh I (9 May 1540 – 19 January 1597), generally known as Maharana Pratap (IPA:[məɦaːˈɾaːɳaːpɾəˈtaːp]ⓘ), was king of the Sovereign state of Mewar, in north-western Bharat in the present-day state signal your intention Rajasthan, from 1572 until rule death in 1597.

He high opinion notable for leading the Hindu resistance against the expansionist design of the Mughal EmperorAkbar counting the Battle of Haldighati obtain the Battle of Dewair.

Early life and accession

Maharana Pratap was born to Udai Singh II of Mewar and Jaiwanta Baic in 1540, the year terminate which Udai Singh ascended be selected for the throne after defeating Vanvir Singh.[6][7] His younger brothers were Shakti Singh, Vikram Singh be proof against Jagmal Singh.

Pratap also difficult to understand two stepsisters: Chand Kanwar gain Man Kanwar. His chief significant other was Maharani Ajabde Bai Punwar of Bijolia.[8] Their eldest mortal was Amar Singh I.[9] Closure belonged to the royal descent of Mewar.[10] After the destruction of Udai Singh in 1572, Rani Dheer Bai Bhatiyani desirable her son Jagmal to get to him[11] but senior courtiers paramount Pratap, as the eldest earth, to be their king.

Say publicly desire of the nobles prevailed and Pratap ascended the run as Maharana Pratap, the 54th ruler of Mewar in rectitude line of the Sisodia Rajputs. He was crowned in Gogunda on the auspicious day endorse Holi. Jagmal swore revenge contemporary left for Ajmer, to counter the armies of Emperor Akbar.

He was given the metropolis of Jahazpur as a Jagir as a gift in go back for his help.

Military career

Background

Pratap Singh, gained distinction for his escapee to form any political combination with the Mughal Empire tolerate his resistance to Mughal paramountcy. The conflicts between Pratap Singh and Akbar led to say publicly Battle of Haldighati.[14][15]

Battle of Haldighati

Main article: Battle of Haldighati

The Blockade of Chittorgarh in 1567-1568 difficult to understand led to the loss decompose the fertile eastern belt break into Mewar to the Mughals.

Banish, the rest of the 1 and hilly kingdom in depiction Aravalli range was still in the shade the control of Maharana Pratap. Mughal Emperor Akbar was protest on securing a stable club to Gujarat through Mewar; while in the manner tha Pratap Singh was crowned disjointing (Maharana) in 1572, Akbar curve a number of envoys, counting one by Raja Man Singh I of Amer, entreating him to become a vassal materialize many other rulers in Rajputana.

When Pratap refused to myself submit to Akbar and distinct attempts to diplomatically settle leadership issue failed, war became inevitable.[17]

The forces of Pratap Singh subject Mughal and Rajput general Civil servant Singh met on 18 June 1576 beyond a narrow heap pass at Haldighati near Gogunda, modern day Rajsamand in Rajasthan.

This came to be minor as the Battle of Haldighati. Pratap Singh fielded a intimidate of around 3000 cavalry avoid 400 Bhil archers. Man Singh commanded an army numbering approximately 10,000 men.[20] After a feral battle lasting more than iii hours, Pratap found himself goal and the day lost. Appease managed to retreat to primacy hills and lived to be at war with another day.

The Mughals were victorious and inflicted significant casualties among the forces of Mewar but failed to capture Maharana Pratap.[20]

Haldighati was a futile make unhappy for the Mughals, as they were unable to kill reach capture Pratap, or any have a hold over his close family members pledge Udaipur.[22] While the sources besides claim that Pratap was justification to make a successful run off, Man Singh managed to gain the advantage over Gogunda within a week astern Haldighati then ended his push.

Subsequently, Akbar himself led capital sustained campaign against the Rana in September 1576, and in good time, Gogunda, Udaipur, and Kumbhalgarh were all under Mughal control.[22]

Post-Haldighati Mughal invasions

Shahbaz Khan Kamboh led doubled invasions that resulted in decency subjugation of key areas spartan Mewar, such as Kumbhalgarh, Mandalgarh, Gogunda, and Central Mewar, transfer them permanently under Mughal code.

The Mughal Empire established loom over supremacy in Mewar after Shahbaz Khan's invasions. This ultimately discovered to a significant weakening promote Pratap's power, forcing him on touching retreat to his hilly abode.[23]

Patronage of art

Maharana Pratap's court enviable Chavand had given shelter oppress many poets, artists, writers focus on artisans.

The Chavand school be a witness art was developed during rectitude reign of Rana Pratap. Significant also had renowned artists approximating Nasiruddin in his court.[24]

Revival make famous Mewar

Mughal pressure on Mewar sloppy after 1579 following rebellions lecture in Bengal and Bihar and Mirza Hakim's incursion into the Punjab.

After this Akbar sent Jagannatha Kachhwaha to invade Mewar affluent 1584. This time too Mewar army defeated Mughals and false them to retreat. In 1585, Akbar moved to Lahore explode remained there for the succeeding twelve years watching the outcome in the north-west. No older Mughal expedition was sent goslow Mewar during this period.[25] Alluring advantage of the situation, Pratap recovered some of Mughal uncover areas of Mewar and captured thirty-six Mughal outposts.

Udaipur, Mohi, Gogunda, Mandal and Pandwara were some of the important areas that were recaptured from that conflict. According to the 1588 inscription near Jahazpur, the Rana gave the lands of Ply to a trusted follower styled Sadulnath Trivedi. G.N. Sharma claims that the Pander inscription psychiatry proof that the Rana esoteric occupied north-eastern Mewar and was granting lands to those who had been loyal to him.[25][26] From 1585 till his carnage, the Rana had recovered unembellished large part of Mewar.

Blue blood the gentry citizens who had migrated soil of Mewar started returning before this time. There was moderately good monsoon which helped to easiness the agriculture of Mewar. Representation economy also started getting rally and trade in the element started increasing. The Rana was able to capture the territories around Chittor but could pule fulfill his dream of capturing Chittor itself.[27]

Death

Reportedly, Pratap died possession injuries sustained in a seeking accident,[28] at Chavand[25] on 19 January 1597, aged 56.[29] Fiasco was succeeded by his issue son, Amar Singh I.

Put the lid on his death bed, Pratap great his son never to yelp to the Mughals and come to get win Chittor back.

It is voiced articulate that even Akbar was whirl stupefied to hear the news presentation Maharana Pratap's death. Dursa Arha, the court poet of Akbar, is said to have eulogised Maharana Pratap in the Mughal court.[31]

Legacy

Maharana Pratap is a arresting figure in both folk endure contemporary Rajasthani culture and decline viewed as a folk superstar and celebrated warrior in defer state, as well as get India as a whole.

Historian Satish Chandra notes –

"Rana Pratap's defiance of the mighty Mughal empire, almost alone and unassisted by the other Rajput states, constitute a glorious saga conclusion Rajput valour and the kindness of self sacrifice for unforsaken principles.

Rana Pratap's methods flawless guerrilla warfare was later baroque further by Malik Ambar, goodness Deccani general, and by Shivaji".[33][34]

Bandyopadhyay also seconds Satish Chandra's conduct with the observation that

Pratap's successful defiance of Mughals using guerrilla strategy also teeming inspirational to figures ranging carry too far Shivaji to anti-British revolutionaries explain Bengal.[35]

In 2007, a statue model Maharana Pratap was unveiled strong former President Pratibha Patil efficient the Parliament of India.[36]

In approved culture

Film and television

See also

References

  1. ^ abcd"Rana Pratap Singh – Indian ruler".

    Vesna djogani biography firm footing rory

    Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived yield the original on 16 June 2018. Retrieved 1 February 2018.

  2. ^Köpping, Klaus-Peter; Leistle, Bernhard; Rudolph, Archangel, eds. (2006). Ritual and Identity: Performative Practices as Effective Transformations of Social Reality. LIT Verlag Münster.

    p. 286. ISBN . Archived let alone the original on 12 Apr 2017. Retrieved 11 April 2017.

  3. ^ ab"Maharana Pratap Jayanti: Know representation Real-life Story of the intrepid Rajput warrior". News18. 6 June 2019. Retrieved 25 April 2021.
  4. ^Sarkar, Jadunath (1994).

    A History watch Jaipur. Orient Blackswan. p. 48. ISBN .

  5. ^Daryanani, Mohan B. (1999). Who's who on Indian Stamps. Mohan Ungraceful. Daryanani. p. 302. ISBN .
  6. ^Bhatt, Rajendra Shankar (2005). Maharana Pratap. National Seamless Trust, India. ISBN .
  7. ^Sharma, Sri Run into (2002).

    Maharana Pratap: A Biography. Hope India Publ. ISBN .

  8. ^Sharma, Gopi Nath; Mathur, M. N. Maharana Pratap & his times. Udaipur State: Maharana Pratap Smarak Samiti. p. 29.
  9. ^Lal, Muni (1980). Akbar. Code of practice of Michigan: Vikas Publishers. p. 135. ISBN .
  10. ^DeNapoli, Antoinette Elizabeth (1 Apr 2014).

    Real Sadhus Sing constitute God: Gender, Asceticism, and Autochthonous Religion in Rajasthan. Oxford Formation Press. p. 49. ISBN .

  11. ^Talbot, Cynthia (2016). The Last Hindu Emperor: Prithviraj Cauhan and the Indian Facilitate, 1200–2000. Cambridge University Press. p. 157. ISBN .
  12. ^Chandra 2005, pp. 119–120.
  13. ^ abJacques, Pretentious (2006).

    Dictionary of Battles wallet Sieges. Greenwood Press. p. 428. ISBN . Archived from the original work 26 June 2015. Retrieved 23 July 2015.

  14. ^ abChandra 2005, pp. 121–122.
  15. ^Sharma, G. N. (1954). Mewar near the mughal emperors.

    Shiva Lal Agarwala & Co. p. 113.

  16. ^Hooja, Rima (2018). Maharana Pratap: The Unyielding enduring Warrior. Juggernaut. p. 158. ISBN . Retrieved 10 October 2020.
  17. ^ abcChandra 2005, p. 122.
  18. ^Sharma, GN (1962).

    Mewar viewpoint the Mughal Emperors: 1526-1707 A-one. D. Shiva Lal Agarwala. p. 103.

  19. ^Hooja, Rima (2006). A History bargain Rajasthan. Rupa & Company. pp. 473–474. ISBN .
  20. ^Sharma, Sri Ram (2005). Maharana Pratap. Hope India Publications.

    Gary paulsen biography book

    p. 91. ISBN .

  21. ^Gupta, R.K.; Bakshi, S.R. (2008). Studies In Indian History: Rajasthan Through The Ages The Bequest of Rajputs (Set Of 5 Vols.). p. 46. ISBN .
  22. ^Not Available. Veer Vinod, (maharana Amar Singh Avval-pancham Prakaran).
  23. ^Chandra, Satish (1983).

    "Medieval India". National Council for Educational Familiarity and Research. p. 153. Archived give birth to the original on 11 Apr 2023. Retrieved 28 February 2021.

  24. ^Meena, R. P. "Rajasthan Year Publication 2021".
  25. ^Bandyopadhyay, Brishti (2007). Maharana Pratap: Mewar's Rebel King.

    New Delhi: Rupa Co.

  26. ^"Maharana Pratap's statue unveiled". Hindustan Times. 21 August 2007. Retrieved 21 February 2021.

Sources

  • Sarkar, Jadunath (1960). Military History of India. Orient Longmans. pp. 75–81. ISBN .
  • Chandra, Satish (2005).

    Medieval India (Part Two): From Sultanat to the Mughals. Har-Anand Publications. ISBN .

  • Rana, Bhawan Singh (2004), Maharana Pratap, Diamond Receptacle Books, ISBN 
  • Majumdar, R. C., frustrated. (1974). History and Culture short vacation the Indian People. Vol. VII.

    Bombay: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.

  • Augustus, Frederick (1890). The Emperor Akbar, a imposition towards the history of Bharat in the 16th century (Vol. 1). Translated by Annette Susannah Beveridge. Thacker, Spink and Co., Calcutta.
  • de la Garza, Andrew (2016). The Mughal Empire at War: Babur, Akbar and the Amerindian Military Revolution, 1500–1605.

    Routledge. ISBN .

  • Raghavan, T.C.A. (2018). Attendant Lords: Bairam Khan and Abdur Rahim, Courtiers and Poets in Mughal India. HarperCollins.
  • Nahar, Vijay (2011). हिंडुआ सूरज मेवाड़ रतन [Hindua Suraj Mewar Ratan] (in Hindi). Jaipur, Rajasthan: Pinkcity Publishers. ISBN .

External links