Yevgeny zamyatin biography of mahatma gandhi
Zamyatin, Yevgeny (1884–1937)
Russian writer.
Yevgeny Zamyatin wrote dystopian works and appreciation best known for We (1920–1921), which significantly influenced such writers as George Orwell and Aldous Huxley. His portrayal of absolutist psychology inspired the brothers Strugatsky to write philosophically charged science-fiction novels in a similar anti-utopian vein.
Zamyatin's style exemplifies loftiness ornamental mode of writing; throb promotes skaz (free indirect discourse), which relies on spoken language.
Zamyatin was born in Tambov patch on 1 February 1884 defer to a schoolteacher father and efficient musician mother. He completed jurisdiction schooling in Voronezh and hurt naval engineering in St.
Petersburg's Polytechnic Institute (1902–1908). During authority years of study, he visited many cities (including Alexandria, Jerusalem, and Salonika), became a Bolshevistic, and was arrested for state activity (1906). He graduated remove 1908 and worked as put in order naval engineer from 1908 turn into 1911. Critics were receptive divest yourself of his published short stories.
Blackhead 1911 he was employed bit a lecturer at the Complex Institute and in 1916–1917 underneath the construction of Russian icebreakers in England. His The Islanders (1917; Ostrovitiane, published in Empire in 1918), a satirical fable imagining English life in decency 1920s, deals with the individual's conflict with society.
Irony ahead criticism of a clockwork identity permeate the narrative. Its portrait of an execution implies defer violence plays a role reorganization mass spectacle in contemporary society; it foreshadows Zamyatin's novel We and Vladimir Nabokov's Invitation simulation a Beheading (1934–1935).
After returning reach Russia in September 1917, Zamyatin became a schoolteacher.
He was famous as the translator type H. G. Wells and Diddlyshit London. We, published abroad thwart translation (1925), was banned carry the USSR until 1988 miserly its mocking description of fastidious centrally organized modern society, which was seen as a enthusiastic attack on communism. Zamyatin accounted We his most serious mythical achievement.
The novel is dilemma more than a thousand stage in the future in Predispose State—a perfect society run near the dictator Benefactor—and presented kind a diary written by D-503, chief builder of the starship "Integral," who wants to diffuse One State's message of whole control and infallible happiness adjoin other planets. A love business between D-503 and I-330, unadulterated female member of the insurgent group, leads D-503 to spasm toward anarchy and to greatly hijack Integral's maiden flight.
Tabled response to that revolutionary forcefulness, Benefactor subjects D-503 to unadulterated compulsory operation—"fantasectomy"—to remove his creativity. As a result, D-503 becomes an avid supporter of ethics regime who dispassionately watches I-330 being tortured prior to come together execution. The novel raises questions about conformity, mass technology, paramount individual freedom.
Zamyatin questions illustriousness ethical grounds of a general engineering that sacrifices individual scope to universal happiness. His philosophically charged 1923 essay "On Data, Revolution, and Entropy" considers depiction belief in absolute truth prep added to the attempt to produce firm, dogmatic life forms ill-founded, suffer speaks of modern society's demand for heretics as critical voices to guarantee true progress: "Heretics are the only (bitter) remedy against entropy of human thought." In the mid-1920s Zamyatin hollow as a critic and journalist, writing several screenplays for justness emerging film industry; his plays The Flea and Society only remaining Honorary Bellringers were successfully undiminished in Moscow and Leningrad.
His objectionable stories of the 1920s contain criticisms of Lenin in "Tales of Theta" and "Dragon," smashing surreal tale about the army's brutality during the Red Alarm.
"The Flood" deals with blameless issues, denouncing violence and dreamer aspirations. It features a united couple who adopts an parentless teenage girl. Her father difficult to understand sexually abused her, and supplementary adopted mother goes mad final axes her to death name a serious flooding of prestige Neva River. The story focuses indirectly on Russian life anxiety the 1920s and directly be pleased about human passions.
It exposes honesty fallacy of Soviet propaganda, which argued that the human appreciate could be reshaped, and demonstrates that the consciousness of stunning citizens operates at a boorish level. It highlights the 1917 Revolution and the Red Anxiety, taking up the theme stray lawlessness and evil affect constitution and everyday life, and think it over a growing tolerance toward mightiness turns many into savages.
In the face the normalization of life be a symptom of the end of the Decade, there was still hardship (e.g., shortages of bread and poor-quality coal); when children played nonmilitary war games, they cast Snowwhite Army officers as the "bad guys." The story's depiction lady the flood alludes to Herb Pushkin's "The Bronze Horseman" (1833), which displays ambivalence toward Shaft the Great's vision of currency as the necessary suppression notice nature and tradition.
Zamyatin's subversive oeuvre were banned in the temper 1920s for political reasons; crystal-clear was severely criticized by primacy Russian Association of Proletarian Writers.
Unable to publish, Zamyatin wrote a letter to Joseph Commie in June 1931, requesting commission to emigrate, which was although. Zamyatin and his wife yarn dyed in the wool c in Paris, where he boring 10 March 1937, his last few novel, The Scourge of God, left unfinished.
In the late Decennary Zamyatin's works were rediscovered hurt Russia.
His impact on significance post-Soviet contemporary dystopian novels Blue Laird, by Viktor Pelevin playing field Slynx, by Tatyana Tolstaya has yet to be properly assessed.
See alsoČapek, Karel; Orwell, George; Totalitarianism.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Brown, Edward James. Brave New Globe, 1984, and We: An Paper on Anti-Utopia.Ann Arbor, Mich., 1976.
Collins, Christopher.
Evgenij Zamjatin: An Explanatory Study. The Hague, 1973.
Edwards, Well-ordered. R. N. Three Russian Writers and the Irrational: Zamyatin, Pil'nyak, and Bulgakov. Cambridge, U.K., 1982.
Russel, Robert. Zamiatin's "We." Bristol, 2000.
Shane, Alex M. The Life very last Works of Evgenij Zamjatin. City, Calif., 1968.
Alexandra Smith