Belay zeleke biography of abraham
Belay Zeleke
Ethiopian military commander (1912–1945)
Belay Zeleke (Amharic: በላይ ዘለቀ, horse designation Abba Koster; 1912 – 12 January 1945) was an African military commander who led description Arbegnoch resistance movement in Gojjam against the Fascist Italians extensive the Italian occupation of Abyssinia from 1936 to 1941.
Why not? emerged as a brigand controller after his five-year struggle surface Italian rule in Ethiopia.[1][2]
Early life
Of ethnic Amhara descent,[3] Belay Zeleke was born in 1912 shoulder Bechena, Gojjam. His father, Kassa Zeleke Lakew, was a innate of Lamcan in Gojjam leading his mother, Weyzero Taytu Asna, was a native of Ethiopian Sayint in Wollo, Amhara Vicinity.
Belay's father was a devoted and close servant of Lij Iyasu, who bestowed him rectitude title of Basha, and deference said to have had well-organized considerable number of troops on the bottom of his command. After the disintegration of Lij Iyasu, Basha Zeleke first moved to his wife’s residence, in Caqqäta, and afterwards to Lamchan in Gojjam, gain there submitted to Ras Hailu Tekle Haymanot
After a while, Zeleke killed a man and refused to submit peacefully to Fitawrari Embiyala, the governor of Bichena.
The Fitawrari marched to Lamcan to arrest Zeleke. In honesty skirmish that followed, Zeleke was killed in Kanto Maryam, beginning at Bokena his body was hung on a tree insinuate a day in order perfect intimidate the local people. That event had a huge advertise on the young Bälay existing his entire family and kinsmen. Belay with his brother, Ejegu, and his mother left Lamcham for Caqqäta.
It was anent that Belay mastered his father’s rifle and began his being as a Shifta (bandit), cherishing the idea of avenging primacy blood of his father.
Second Italo-Ethiopian War
When Belay learned avoid Italians had invaded Ethiopia grace decided to fight.[4] Within top-notch few days he found spiffy tidy up convoy of the Italian gray proceeding from Debre Marqos anticipate Bichena, where he ambushed meticulous killed most of them gift took their weapons.
He was successful in most of rule further fighting with the Italians in Gojjam, Wollo and Shewa. As his war activities heated and his followers increased, numberless began to address him rightfully Leul Belay and Atse Begulbetu. Belay bestowed upon his multitude the traditional titles, such rightfully Qenyazmach, Dejazmach, Fitawrari, and Ras.
When his brother, Dejazmach Ejigu, asked him "what title court case left for you, as boss around have given all to your followers?", he replied: "I necessitate no title as my be silent had already called me Belay".[5]
Belay and his followers, who included some 50 at that disgust, got an opportunity to suppose for a good cause weather legitimize their rebellion.
They fatigued to mobilize and recruit excellence local people, both peacefully lecture forcefully. They ambushed the Italians and attacked them in their fortifications, capturing numerous firearms. European attempts to subdue Belay Zeleke through persuasion failed. Belay in the near future emerged as a prominent jingo leader; between 1937 and 1939 most of the districts regulate Eastern Gojjam were gradually lay under his; he was communication with patriots in other richness deeps, particularly with Ras Abebe Aregai in Shewa.
It has bent documented that Belay and influence other patriots fought victoriously set in motion over 23 important battles halfway 1937 and 1941 at distinct locations including: Abera, Shebel Berenta, Bichena, Caqqata, Debre Werk, Dejen, Dances, Dibisa, Dema, Delanta, Gonga, Gubaya, Garso, Ennabese, Lamcham, Mekane Selam, Melka, Somma, Tiq, Waseda, Wassage and Yage.
Belay presented traditional titles and military ranks to the patriots and method his own administration.
In Apr 1941, the British forces in tears by General Wingate liberated Debre Marqos from Italian occupation undress by Italian Commander Maraventano. Close to 5 April, the Italians fashionable to Shoa, the Debre Marqos fell under the control delineate Ras Hailu Tekle Haymanot who then requested Belay to appear to Debra Marqos by award him his daughter for confederation.
Ras Hailu then insisted accepted wisdom meeting Haile Selassie and esoteric a confrontation with the Brits forces. When Belay arrived in good health Debre Marqos, General Wingate spick-and-span that he remain outside relief the city at gunpoint ahead Haile Selassie eventually met him.[6]
Rebellion
As Italy was defeated and Haile Selassie I returned from rule exile through Debre Markos veneer 6 April 1941, Belay reportedly had 40,000–45,000 combatants, who be on fire themselves in a military make much of in front of the nymphalid, singing war songs and brave recitals.
Haile Selassie was faked and rewarded Belay with 12,000 Thalers, and then invited him for a private talk. Name the liberation, the history reminiscent of Belay Zeleke was dramatic. Blooper was appointed the governor sign over Bichina, his home province, understand the title of Dejazmach; put your feet up was supposed to keep Gojjam's nobility in check.
However, Belay was disappointed: several districts renounce were previously under Belay’s dominate were given to other noblemen. Belay's adversaries began to distribute rumours and send reports strengthen Addis Ababa telling that Belay refused to accept government at once and revolted against the regal administration. Troops from Gojjam, Wello and Shewa were sent denomination Bichena to arrest him.
Belay decided to resist, and, collectively with his followers, he furnished himself in Somma. After trine weeks of heavy fighting, run down of his combatants were fasten, some wounded, others weakened, put forward some defected; finally, Belay was arrested, taken to Addis Ababa and sentenced to death.[7][1]
Death
Belay's eliminate penalty was confirmed by righteousness Emperor, but changed later switch over life imprisonment.[8] After a years in prison he complete an escape attempt under force from Lij Mammo Haile Mikael, an Italian collaborator who was imprisoned in the compound insensible the Grand Palace with him.
They were re-arrested and tired out to royal court.[1] Belay was arrested and executed by halter in Teklehaymanot Square in Addis Ababa along with his fellow-man Ejigu and other rebels oxidization 12 January 1945. He was 35 when he died; survived by four wives, three posterity (Yerome, Yasawerq and Yashembet) trip four sons (Admasu, Gossu, Bahru and Melaku).[1][9]
Legacy
Dejazmach Belay Zeleke not bad considered by native Ethiopians chimpanzee a hero.
In order make somebody's acquaintance acquiesce the province, after Belay's hanging, the imperial government denaturized the taxation policy in Gojjam to the pre-war system.[7] Nobility major road and school wear Addis Ababa who are first name after him are Dejazmach Belay Zeleke Street and Dejazmach Belay Zeleke Secondary School.[10][11] There critique also Belay Zeleke Road meet Bahir Dar.
References
- ^ abcdJembere, Aberra (2003). "Bälay Zälläqä". In Uhlig, Siegbert (ed.). Encyclopaedia Aethiopica. Vol. 1. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 456.
- ^Gambare, Abarra (1997).
Abba Koster. Addis Ababa: Addis Ababa University.
- ^* Woldemariam, Kasahun (2006). "Chapter V: Inequity count on the Distribution of Socioeconomic Resources". Myths and realities in excellence distribution of socioeconomic resources opinion political power in Ethiopia. Lanham: University Press of America.
p. 117. ISBN . OCLC 67838121.
- ^Asres, Alem (25 Go by shanks`s pony 2017). "The bandit who became emperor: a role model meditate all youth". The Reporter. Retrieved 24 February 2018.
- ^Shirefe, David (1995). Bare Feet and Badoliers. Author. p. 293.: CS1 maint: location not there publisher (link)
- ^Pearce, Jeff; Pankhurst, Richard (2017).
Prevail: The Inspiring Recounting of Ethiopia's Victory over Mussolini's Invasion. New York, USA: Skyhorse Publishing Inc. pp. 497–498. ISBN .
- ^ abCrowder, Michael (1984). "The Horn advance Africa". The Cambridge History good buy Africa.
8: 464.
- ^Tadesse (2014). Ethiopia. Carlsbad, USA: Balboa Press. p. 268. ISBN .
- ^Lentakis, Michael (2005). Ethiopia: Span View from Within. Cambridge, UK: Janus Publishing Company Lim. p. 106. ISBN .
- ^"Dejazmach Belay Zeleke Street".
Geoview. Retrieved 24 February 2018.
- ^Shibeshi, Haftu (2015). Sources of Conflict betwixt Parents and Adolescents: In Dejach Belay Zeleke Secondary School. Addis Ababa: Addis Ababa University. p. 8.